Spectrometers have a wide range of uses. Some of the main application areas include: Scientific research: characterization of materials and new substances. Biology and medicine: protein studies, DNA analysis, diagnostics. Pharmaceutical industry: drug development and quality control. Dispersion system: prism or grating to separate the light. Basic Structure. Internal structure of a grating spectrometer: Light comes from left side and diffracts on the upper middle reflective grating. An optical spectrometer (spectrophotometer, spectrograph or spectroscope) is an instrument. Beer-Lambert law describes the relationship between the absorbance of light by a substance, the concentration of the substance, and the path length of the light through the sample.
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