This paper provides a comprehensive review of FPGA-based relay implementations, emphasizing their concurrent architecture and communication capabilities. Relays, serving as the frontline guardians of power systems, are tasked with promptly. Abstract—The need for high-speed multi-function protective re-lays in both traditional transmission systems and the new emerging paradigm of the smart grid is growing. The advantages of choosing programmable logic integrated circuits to obtain adaptive techno-logical algorithms in power system protection and control systems are pointed out. But the performance of this kind of device is frequently affected by the MCU operation speed and some ways to. Department of Electrical Engineering, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea.
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