The fiber optic 90-degree bend refers to the minimum radius required when cables must change direction at right angles. Similar to how a garden hose restricts water flow when kinked, fiber optic cables experience performance degradation or complete signal loss when bent too sharply. Both issues increase insertion loss, especially at 1550 nanometer wavelengths used in ODN and long-haul systems. Excessive bending also stresses reinforcement members, jacket materials, and loose-tube buffering. The maximum safe curvature before causing damage occurs is defined by the optic cable bend radius specification. The same holds for the optical cables. Overbending may cause light refraction and affect data transmission.