The microscope optical train typically consists of an illuminator (including the light source and collector lens), a substage condenser, specimen, objective, eyepiece, and detector, which is either some form of camera or the observer's eye (Table 1). also contain one of. Arm: Holds components in the optical path of the microscope. Bellows: A tube with accordion-shaped rubber sides for a flexible, light-tight extension between the microscope body. Microscopes are instruments that are used in science laboratories to visualize very minute objects, such as cells and microorganisms, giving a contrasting image that is magnified. Microscopes are made up of lenses for magnification, each with its own magnification powers. Examples are shown from metallic samples using reflected light microscopy, but the principles. Modern compound microscopes are designed to provide a magnified two-dimensional image that can be focused axially in successive focal planes, thus enabling a thorough examination of specimen fine structural detail in both two and three dimensions. Most microscopes provide a translation mechanism. o, auto-focus, auto-exposure imaging system. In “color mode” (photopic vision), the eye's retina disposes of a 7-Mega pixel detector (cones) and more than 100 Mega p xels (rods) in monochrome vision (scotopic).