The maintenance activities for protection relays can be categorized into three main areas: visual inspection, functional testing, and calibration. During visual inspection, the relay should be checked for any signs of damage, such as physical wear and tear, loose connections, or. Acceptance tests fall into two categories : (i) On new relays which are to be used for the first time. On such products, intensive testing is desired to prove its characteristics and to gain information about it. (ii) On relay types which have been used earlier, only minimum necessary checks should. ERS provides turnkey solutions for maintaining and testing electromechanical, solid-state, and microprocessor-based relays, as well as IEC 61850 IEDs, relay panels, and distributed protection systems. For example, unselective protection operation during a medium voltage network fault will cause an outage for an unnecessarily large number of consumers. While this is bad, It's not a. Purpose: To document and implement programs for the maintenance of all Protection Systems, Automatic Reclosing, and Sudden Pressure Relaying affecting the reliability of the Bulk Electric System (BES) so that they are kept in working order. This paper is an overview. The first relays were Electromechanical (EM): machines with moving parts actuated by coils connected to current and voltage sources. Relays contained bearings, springs, fixed and movable contacts, rotating.